C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值对下肢动脉支架植入术后结局的预测价值

顾洪柱,许家瑞,李博,杜亚明

(锦州医科大学附属第一医院 血管外科,辽宁 锦州 121001)

摘 要 背景与目的:支架植入术目前已广泛应用于下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗,但术后股腘动脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)仍然是临床面临的重要问题。研究表明ISR 与营养学及炎症反应指标密切相关,寻找有效预测下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR 及严重程度的指标具有重要的临床价值。因此,本研究探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)/白蛋白比值(CAR)对下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR 及其严重程度的预测价值。方法:回顾性收集锦州医科大学附属第一医院2017年1月—2019年5月期间收治的186 例行下肢动脉支架植入术的患者的临床资料。分析术后12 个月内ISR 发生情况以及ISR 的严重程度。采用单因素与多因素Logistic 回归统计学方法分析ISR 的影响因素,采用ROC 曲线评价CAR、CRP 及白蛋白对ISR 及严重程度的预测能力。结果:随访12 个月期间共54 例(29.0%)发生ISR,其中重度(ISR>75%)24 例。ISR 患者中男性、吸烟、糖尿病例数以及CRP 值以及CAR 高于非ISR 患者,白蛋白值和踝肱指数(ABI)值低于非ISR 组患者(均P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,男性(P=0.023)、有糖尿病(P=0.002)、吸烟(P=0.023)、低白蛋白(P=0.007)以及高CRP(P<0.001)是下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR 的独立危险因素。CAR 预测ISR 的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.846,优于CRP(AUC=0.835)和白蛋白(AUC=0.822),其最佳截断值是0.6,敏感度、特异度分别为70.4%、87.2%。CAR 预测ISR 严重程度的AUC 为0.662,高于CRP(AUC=0.646)和白蛋白(AUC=0.630),其最佳截断值是1.066,敏感度特、异度分别为75%、42.4%。结论:CAR 可用于临床中下肢动脉支架植入术患者ISR 及严重程度的早期预测,且比单独的CRP 和白蛋白预测更准确。CAR>0.6 时,预示ISR 的发生风险增加,CAR>1.066 时,预示ISR 严重程度较高。

关键词 闭塞性动脉硬化;下肢;支架;移植物闭塞,血管;C反应蛋白质;血清白蛋白

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)是临床中常见的外周动脉系统疾病,随着社会的发展,生活水平不断的提高,人口老年化的进展及血管外科水平的不断进步,其发生率趋势不断上升[1]。目前鉴于支架植入术安全、便于操作且在长段复杂性病变方面能够提供十分可靠和有效的即刻影像学结果等优点,现已广泛应用于治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症[2]。尽管血管外科诊疗技术的不断进步使得下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞症患者的预后较前明显提升,但研究发现股腘动脉支架1年内支架内再狭窄(in-stent restenosis,ISR)发生率仍高达20%~40%[3-6]。由此可见,ISR的早发现和早处理对患者的预后尤为重要,有研究[7-8]表明支架植入术ISR与营养学及炎症反应等指标相关。C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和白蛋白作为炎症和营养不良的生物标志物,在病理生理途径中发挥关键作用[9-11]。目前关于危重疾病的预后数据表明,CRP/白蛋白比值(C-reactive protein and albumin ratio,CAR)反映了CRP和白蛋白水平之间的平衡[12],下肢动脉硬化闭塞及ISR本质上是一种炎症性反应过程,CAR与下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR的关系尚不清楚,因此,本研究评估CAR对植入术后ISR及严重程度预测价值。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

本研究回顾性分析在2017年1月—2019年5月期间锦州医科大学附属第一医院186例行下肢动脉支架植入术的患者临床资料。男119例,女67例;年龄39~82岁,平均年龄63岁。本研究得到医院伦理委员会批准,患者及家属均签署知情同意书。

1.2 纳人标准和排除标准

纳入标准:⑴符合下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞症诊断标准;⑵术前无重大疾病,可耐受手术者;⑶同意行下肢动脉支架植入术者。排除标准:⑴既往有外周动脉血管重建、急性冠状动脉综合征、主动脉夹层、血管炎和恶性肿瘤的患者;⑵术前已知或怀疑存在感染性疾病的患者;⑶术前有下肢溃疡和急性血栓栓塞性闭塞引起的急性肢体缺血的患者;⑷慢性胃炎及炎症性肠病等消化系统疾病的患者;⑸术前合并其它脏器存在严重基础疾病者。

1.3 观察指标和终点事件

从锦州医科大学附属医院收集基础临床资料,包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、体质量指数(BMI)、踝肱指数(ABI)、糖尿病、高血压及高脂血症等病史。术后检测血常规及血生化,收集患者白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数,单核细胞计数、血红蛋白、白蛋白、CRP水平,空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等的检查结果。

患者预后情况通过门诊复查,观察全部患者的ISR情况及严重程度。患者术后随访12个月,随访截止为2020年5月31日。随访事件的主要终点是患者行下肢动脉造影或CTA诊断为ISR。ISR的定义为血管支架部位或者支架边缘5 mm范围内血管狭窄≥50%[13-14]

1.4 统计学处理

所有数据采用SPSS 19.0软件进行处理。计数资料以例数(百分比)[n(%)]表示,两组间使用χ2检验进行分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示,两组间采用独立双样本t检验分析连续变量的差异。采用Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。采用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)及其95%可信区间(CI)评价CAR对下肢动脉粥样硬化狭窄随访期发生ISR及严重程度的预测价值;以双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 下肢动脉支架植入术后患者一般资料以及各项检查结果分析

随访12 个月期间,下肢动脉造影发现54 例(29.0%)ISR患者。结果显示,与非ISR组相比较,ISR组男性、吸烟及糖尿病人数比例明显升高,两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在年龄、BMI、高血压、Fontaine III、IV期及高脂血症方面,ISR组和非ISR组未发现明显差异(均P>0.05)。ISR组CRP值以及CAR高于非ISR组患者,而白蛋白值和ABI值低于非ISR组患者,两组差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)(表1)。

表1 两组下肢动脉支架植入术后患者一般资料以及各项检查结果分析(续)
Table 1 The general information of the two groups of patients after lower extremity artery stent implantation and the analysis of the results of each examination(continued)

项目例数(n) 非ISR 组(n=132)ISR 组(n=54)t/χ2 P Fontaine 分期[n(%)]III 期11484(63.6)28(51.9)2.2220.136 IV 期7248(36.4)26(48.1)ABI(images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)0.89±0.020.64±0.0628.552<0.001甘油三酸酯(mmol/L,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—1.76±0.851.71±0.750.4210.674总胆固醇(mmol/L,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—4.53±1.644.47±1.880.2070.836低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)—3.37±1.043.14±0.911.4610.164高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)—1.41±0.471.53±0.48-1.5260.129白蛋白(g/L,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—42.11±7.4834.4±6.616.733<0.001白细胞计数(109/L)—7.21±1.607.34±1.88-0.5100.611血红蛋白(g/L)—135.63±9.78136.20±9.61-0.3660.715中性粒细胞计数(109/L,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—5.17±1.925.06±1.840.3090.758淋巴细胞计数(109/L,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—1.97±0.711.99±0.72-0.2360.813单核细胞计数(109/L,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—0.43±0.110.44±0.11-0.5710.568 CRP(mg/L,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—11.32±9.8234.47±26.07-6.344<0.001 CAR(images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—0.31±0.211.12±0.89-6.421<0.001单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值(images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—0.33±0.130.32±0.130.9430.347中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—2.98±1.562.86±1.370.4220.674

表1 两组下肢动脉支架植入术后患者一般资料以及各项检查结果分析
Table 1 The general information of the two groups of patients after lower extremity artery stent implantation and the analysis of the results of each examination

项目例数(n) 非ISR 组(n=132)ISR 组(n=54)t/χ2 P年龄(岁,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—63.1±10.863.9±11.9-0.4530.651性别男11978(59.1)41(75.9)4.7130.030女6754(40.9)13(24.1)BMI(kg/m2,images/BZ_24_1735_1043_1762_1084.png±s)—23.9±3.224.5±3.3 -1.1200.264高血压有11478(59.1)36(66.7)0.9270.336无7254(40.1)18(33.3)糖尿病[n(%)]有9760(45.5)37(68.5)8.1690.004无8972(54.5)17(31.5)高脂血症[n(%)]有8362(47.0)21(38.9)1.0130.314无10370(53.0)33(61.1)吸烟[n(%)]有9257(43.2)35(64.8)7.1750.007无9475(56.8)19(35.2)

2.2 下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR 患者多因素分析

将单因素分析中与支架植入术后ISR的因素设为自变量,纳入Logistic多因素回归分析中。多因素分析表明,男性(P=0.023)、有糖尿病(P=0.002)、吸烟(P=0.023)、低白蛋白(P=0.007)以及高CRP(P<0.001)是下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR的独立危险因素(表2)。

表2 影响下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR 因素的Logistic 回归分析结果
Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of factors for ISR after lower extremity artery stenting

因素BSEWaldχ2 POR95% CI性别0.7490.3285.2030.0232.1151.111~4.026糖尿病0.9980.3149.9070.0022.7121.457~5.047吸烟0.7210.3165.2010.0232.0571.107~3.823白蛋白-0.0750.0287.2100.0070.9280.879~0.980 CRP0.0580.01222.606<0.0011.0591.034~1.085

2.3 白蛋白、CRP 和CAR 对下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR 的预测价值

通过对比ROC曲线可见,CAR的AUC(AUC=0.846,95% CI=0.797~0.894)明显高于CRP(AUC=0.835,95% CI=0.783~0.887)和白蛋白(AUC=0.822,95% CI=0.776~0.867)(图1)。CAR最佳截断值是0.6,此时敏感度特异度分别为70.4%、87.2%,预示着CAR>0.6时,下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR的发生率较高(表3)。

图1 白蛋白、CRP 和CAR 在预测下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR 的ROC 曲线的比较
Figure 1 Comparison of ROC curves of albumin,C-reactive protein,and CAR in predicting ISR after lower extremity artery stenting

表3 白蛋白、CRP 和CAR 对下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR 的预测价值
Table 3 Predictive value of albumin,C-reactive protein,and CAR for ISR after lower extremity artery stenting

变量最佳截段值敏感度(%)特异度(%)AUCP95% CI白蛋白33.588.742.90.822<0.0010.776~0.867 CRP15.66574.582.30.835<0.0010.783~0.887 CAR0.670.487.20.846<0.0010.797~0.894

2.4 白蛋白、CRP 和CAR 对支架植入术后再狭窄程度的预测价值

以ISR是否>75 % 分为轻度组30 例(ISR≤75%)和重度组24例(ISR>75%),重度组的CRP和CAR水平高于轻度组(ISR≤75%),而白蛋白水平低于轻度组,两组间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)(表4)。通过比较ROC曲线可见,CAR的AUC(AUC=0.662,95% CI=0.544~0.781)高于CRP(AUC=0.646,95% CI=0.527~0.765)和白蛋白(AUC=0.630,95% CI=0.509~0.752)(图2)。CAR>1.066时,预示着下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR的严重程度较高,此时敏感度特异度分别为75%、42.4%(表5)。

表4 白蛋白、CRP 和CAR 对支架植入术后ISR 严重程度的结果分析
Table 4 Outcome analysis of ISR severity after stenting with albumin,C-reactive protein,and CAR

项目轻度组(n=30)重度组(n=24)t P白蛋白34.24±6.2930.59±6.392.1040.040 CRP31.17±22.6044.78±23.13-2.1810.034 CAR1.03±0.781.58±0.85-2.4740.017

图2 白蛋白、CRP 和CAR 在预测支架植入术后ISR 严重程度的ROC 曲线的比较
Figure 2 Comparison of ROC curves of albumin,C-reactive protein,and CAR in predicting ISR severity after stenting

表5 白蛋白、CRP 和CAR 对支架植入术后ISR 严重程度的预测价值
Table 5 The predictive value of albumin,C-reactive protein,and CAR for ISR severity after stent implantation

变量最佳截段值敏感度(%)特异度(%) AUCP95% CI白蛋白 32.559.134.40.6300.0370.509~0.752 CRP 37.41571.940.90.6460.0200.527~0.765 CAR1.06675.042.40.6620.0090.544~0.781

3 讨论

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症是中老年人常见的临床综合征。支架植入术作为下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞症主要治疗手段之一,已经广泛应用到临床中,但其支架植入术后通畅率不够理想。因此,有效预测下肢动脉支架植入术患者ISR及严重程度,对于血管外科医师具有重要的临床价值。

炎症在动脉粥样硬化的各个阶段和外周动脉的严重程度中扮演重要角色[15-17]。血清CRP是血生化中最常用的炎症标志物,其被认为与外周动脉疾病的严重程度有关[18-19]。虽然确切的机制尚不完全清楚,但CRP已被证明与内皮祖细胞的损害,胶原的降解,纤溶物质的破坏,补体系统的激活,并可能参与巨噬细胞摄取低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,使其变成泡沫细胞等过程有关[20-21]。由此可见,CRP水平的升高与周围动脉疾病的存在和严重程度有关。另有研究[22-23]表明低白蛋白血症与内皮功能受损、血液粘度增加、血小板活化和聚集以及血小板衍生的血管调节介质合成增加有关。较低的白蛋白水平也代表了患者的炎症状态[24]。白蛋白水平与ISR严重程度的关系可以通过上述机制来解释。

在本研究中,下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR发生率29.0%,这与早前的研究的结果基本一致[6,25]。本研究也表明男性、吸烟及糖尿病患者有较高ISR发生率,ISR组血清CRP和CAR高于非ISR组患者,而白蛋白值和ABI值低于非ISR组患者。进一步Logistic多因素回归分析,男性、吸烟、有糖尿病、低白蛋白以及高血清CRP是下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR的独立危险因素。Ridker等[26-27]的研究表明CRP能促进动脉粥样硬化和动脉粥样硬化血栓形成。Morisaki等[28]研究指出血清白蛋白水平的降低与ISR发生率的增加和预后有关。这些以往的研究结果与本研究的结果相符合。有文献[29]报道Fontaine 分期是也是ISR危险因素,而本研究中手术患者均为FontaineIII、IV期,ISR并无明显差异。我们分析FontaineIII、IV期统称为严重肢体缺血,预后结果可能存在无明显差异的情况。

鉴于血清CRP水平、白蛋白水平与炎症反应和营养状态的相关性,且下肢动脉支架手术带来的创伤性应激反应也会引起炎症和营养不良,因此近年来有学者认为术后CAR比值可能更好地反应炎症状态,而且与ISR有关,但无相关研究。本研究结果显示,术后ISR组的CAR比值远高于非ISR组。发现除踝肱指数外,白蛋白、血清CRP及CAR等也是ISR的独立危险因素,这与Bleda等 [30]和Shirasu等 [31]的结果相一致。本研究与其他研究不同,发现CAR也可作为ISR及严重程度的独立预测因子,而且CAR比单独的CRP和白蛋白更准确。在支架植入术后ISR的预测价值分析中,CAR的AUC明显高于CRP和白蛋白的AUC。CAR最佳截断值是0.6,此时敏感度特异度分别为70.4%、87.2%,预示着CAR>0.6时,下肢动脉支架植入术后ISR的发生率更高。在支架植入术后ISR严重程度的预测价值分析中,ROC曲线显示,重度组的CRP和CAR水平高于轻度组,而白蛋白水平低于轻度组。通过对比ROC曲线可见,CAR的AUC高于CRP积和白蛋白的AUC。CAR>1.066时,预示着下肢动脉支架植入术后的ISR严重程度更高,此时敏感度特异度分别为75%、42.4%。

本研究存在局限性:首先,本研究是回顾性研究,样本量相对较少;其次,本研究排除了外周动脉血管重建及急性血栓栓塞性闭塞引起的急性肢体缺血的患者,这意味着该结果不能推广到所有患者;第三,在预测支架植入术后ISR严重程度ROC曲线分析中,CAR的AUC值相对较小,因此应该通过更大规模、前瞻性的研究来证实。

综上所述,在预测下肢动脉支架植入术患者ISR及严重程度的方面,CAR比单独的CRP和白蛋白更准确。因此,CAR作为一种廉价、易得的生物学指标,可用于临床中下肢动脉支架植入术患者ISR及严重程度的早期预测。在临床工作中应予以足够重视,制定合理的必要干预方案以改善患者预后。

参考文献

[1]郑月宏.下肢动脉硬化闭塞症诊治进展概述[J].中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2020,19(1):7-10.doi:10.11915/j.issn.1671-5403.2020.01.002.

Zheng YH.Progress in diagnosis and treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities[J].Chinese Journal of Multiple Organ Diseases in the Elderly,2020,19(1):7-10.doi:10.11915/j.issn.1671-5403.2020.01.002.

[2]尹智明,余朝文.下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腔内介入治疗的研究进展[J].中国普通外科杂志,2017,26(6):789-794.doi:10.3978/j.issn.1005-6947.2017.06.019.

Yin ZM,Yu CW.Progress of endovascular intervention for arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremities[J].Chinese Journal of General Surgery,2017,26(6):789-794.doi:10.3978/j.issn.1005-6947.2017.06.019.

[3]吉忠杰,张天华,姜维良.下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架内再狭窄的诊治现状及舒洛地特的应用前景[J].中国普通外科杂志,2020,29(6):745-751.doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2020.06.016.

Ji ZJ,Zhang TH,Jiang WL.Prevention and treatment of instent restenosis of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans:current status and application prospects of sulodexide[J].Chinese Journal of General Surgery,2020,29(6):745-751.doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2020.06.016.

[4]Gray WA,Feiring A,Cioppi M,et al.S.M.A.R.T.self-expanding nitinol stent for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral artery(STROLL):1-year outcomes[J].J Vasc Interv Radiol,2015,26(1):21-28.doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2014.09.018.

[5]Kinstner CM,Lammer J,Willfort-Ehringer A,et al.Paclitaxel-Eluting Balloon Versus Standard Balloon Angioplasty in In-Stent Restenosis of the Superficial Femoral and Proximal Popliteal Artery:1-Year Results of the PACUBA Trial[J].JACC Cardiovasc Interv,2016,9(13):1386-1392.doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2016.04.012.

[6]Laird JR,Jain A,Zeller T,et al.Nitinol stent implantation in the superficial femoral artery and proximal popliteal artery:twelvemonth results from the complete SE multicenter trial[J].J Endovasc Ther,2014,21(2):202-212.doi:10.1583/13-4548R.1.

[7]Baktashian M,Saffar Soflaei S,Kosari N,et al.Association of high level of hs-CRP with in-stent restenosis:A case-control study[J].Cardiovasc Revasc Med,2019,20(7):583-587.doi:10.1016/j.carrev.2018.08.015.

[8]Kundi H,Cetin M,Kiziltunc E.The Role of Albumin in Bare Metal In-Stent Restenosis[J].Angiology,2017,68(2):178.doi:10.1177/0003319716664664.

[9]Cherneva ZV,Denchev SV,Gospodinova MV,et al.Inflammatory cytokines at admission--independent prognostic markers in patients with acute coronary syndrome and hyperglycaemia[J].Acute Card Care,2012,14(1):13-19.doi:10.3109/17482941.2011.655292.

[10]Rodoman GV,Shalaeva TI,Dobretsov GE,et al.Serum albumin in systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome[J].Anesteziol Reanimatol,2006,(2):62-64.

[11]Hoeboer SH,Oudemans-van Straaten HM,Groeneveld AB.Albumin rather than C-reactive protein may be valuable in predicting and monitoring the severity and course of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with or at risk for the syndrome after new onset fever[J].BMC Pulm Med,2015,15:22.doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0015-1.

[12]Fairclough E,Cairns E,Hamilton J,et al.Evaluation of a modified early warning system for acute medical admissions and comparison with C-reactive protein/albumin ratio as a predictor of patient outcome[J].Clin Med(Lond),2009,9(1):30-33.doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.9-1-30.

[13]Alraies MC,Darmoch F,Tummala R,et al.Diagnosis and management challenges of in-stent restenosis in coronary arteries[J].World J Cardiol,2017,9(8):640-651.doi:10.4330/wjc.v9.i8.640.

[14]毛由军,李晓强.下肢动脉支架内再狭窄的诊断和治疗[J].中华普通外科学文献:电子版,2020,14(1):76-80.doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2020.01.023.

Mao YJ,Li XQ.Diagnosis and treatment of in-stent restenosis of lower extremity artery[J].Chinese Archives of General Surgery:Electronic Edition,2020,14(1):76-80.doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2020.01.023.

[15]Drakopoulou M,Toutouzas K,Stefanadi E,et al.Association of inflammatory markers with angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease[J]Atherosclerosis,2009,206(2):335-339.doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.01.041.

[16]Stone PA,Yacoub M.Inflammatory biomarkers in peripheral arterial disease[J].Semin Vasc Surg,2014,27(3/4):148-151.doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2015.01.009.

[17]Goldstein JA,Chandra HR,O'Neill WW.Relation of number of complex coronary lesions to serum C-reactive protein levels and major adverse cardiovascular events at one year[J].Am J Cardiol,2005,96(1):56-60.doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.02.044.

[18]Singh TP,Morris DR,Smith S,et al.Systematic review and metaanalysis of the association between C-reactive protein and major cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease[J].Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg,2017,54(2):220-233.doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.05.009.

[19]Vainas T,Stassen FR,de Graaf R,et al.C-reactive protein in peripheral arterial disease:relation to severity of the disease and to future cardiovascular events[J].J Vasc Surg,2005,42(2):243-251.doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.03.060.

[20]Bisoendial RJ,Boekholdt SM,Vergeer M,et al.C-reactive protein is a mediator of cardiovascular disease[J].Eur Heart J,2010,31(17):2087-2091.doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq238.

[21]Devaraj S,Singh U,Jialal I.The evolving role of C-reactive protein in atherothrombosis[J].Clin Chem,2009,55(2):229-238.doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.108886.

[22]Joles JA,Willekes-Koolschijn N,Koomans HA.Hypoalbuminemia causes high blood viscosity by increasing red cell lysophosphatidylcholine[J].Kidney Int,1997,52(3):761-770.doi:10.1038/ki.1997.393.

[23]Mikhailidis DP,Ganotakis ES.Plasma albumin and platelet function:relevance to atherogenesis and thrombosis[J].Platelets,1996,7(3):125-137.doi:10.3109/09537109609023571.

[24]Don BR,Kaysen G.Serum albumin:relationship to inflammation and nutrition[J].Semin Dial,2004,17(6):432-437.doi:10.1111/j.0894-0959.2004.17603.x.

[25]Yonetsu T,Kato K,Kim SJ,et al.Predictors for neoatherosclerosis:a retrospective observational study from the optical coherence tomography registry[J].Circ Cardiovasc Imaging,2012,5(5):660-666.doi:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.976167.

[26]Ridker PM.Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention[J].Circulation,2003,107(3):363-369.doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000053730.47739.3c.

[27]Pepys MB,Hirschfield GM,Tennent GA,et al.Targeting C-reactive protein for the treatment of cardiovascular disease[J].Nature,2006,440(7088):1217-1221.doi:10.1038/nature04672.

[28]Morisaki K,Matsumoto T,Matsubara Y,et al.Prognostic factor of the two-year mortality after revascularization in patients with critical limb ischemia[J].Vascular,2017,25(2):123-129.doi:10.1177/1708538116651216.

[29]卢庆威,王军,王刚,等.基于数据库数据分析下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者腔内介入术治疗后支架内再狭窄的危险因素[J].山东医药,2020,60(30):80-83.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2020.30.021.

Lu QW,Wang J,Wang G,et al.Analysis of risk factors for in-stent restenosis in patients after endovascular interventional therapy for arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremities[J].Shandong Medical Journal,2020,60(30):80-83.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2020.30.021.

[30]Bleda S,de Haro J,Varela C,et al.C-reactive protein and endovascular treatment of lower limb peripheral artery disease:an independent prognostic factor[J].J Endovasc Ther,2015,22(2):233-239.doi:10.1177/1526602815573226.

[31]Shirasu T,Miyata T,Nishiyama A,et al.Useful predictors for critical limb ischemia in severely ischemic limbs[J].Int Angiol,2016,35(5):460-468.

Predictive value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for postoperative outcomes of lower extremity artery stenting

GU Hongzhu,XU Jiarui,LI Bo,DU Yaming

(Department of Vascular Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou,Liaoning 121001,China)

Abstract Background and Aims:Stent placement has been widely applied for the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremities.However,the incidence of postoperative femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis(ISR)remains a difficult clinical problem.Studies have demonstrated that ISR is closely associated with the nutritional and inflammatory markers,and the availability of reliable predictive factors for ISR after lower extremity arterial stenting is of great clinical value.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate the value of C-reactive protein(CRP)/albumin ratio(CAR)in prediction of ISR and its severity after lower extremity artery stenting.Methods:The clinical data of 186 patients undergoing lower limb artery stenting in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from January 2017 to May 2019 were retrospectively collected.The occurrence of ISR within 12 months after operation as well as the severity of ISR were analyzed.The influencing factors for ISR were determined by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the predictive abilities of CAR,CRP and albumin for ISR and its severity were evaluated by ROC curve analysis Results:During a follow-up period for 12-month,ISR occurred in 54 patients(29.0%),of whom,24 cases had a severe disease(ISR>75%).In patients with ISR,the numbers of male,smoking and diabetes cases as well as the values of CRP and CAR were higher,and the values of albumin and ankle-brachial index(ABI)were lower than those in patients without ISR(all P<0.05).The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that male sex(P=0.023),having diabetes(P=0.002),smoking(P=0.023),low albumin(P=0.007)and high CRP(P<0.001)were independent risk factors for ISR after lower extremity artery stenting.The area under the curve(AUC)of CAR for predicting ISR was 0.846,which was superior to that of CRP(AUC=0.835)and albumin(AUC=0.822),where the optimal cutoff value was 0.6,with the sensitivity and specificity 70.4% and 87.2%,respectively.The AUC of CAR for predicting the severity of ISR was 0.662,which was better than that of CRP(AUC=0.646)and albumin(AUC=0.630),where the optimal cutoff value was 1.066,with the sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 42.4%,respectively.Conclusion:CAR can be used for early prediction of ISR and the severity of ISR in patients undergoing lower extremity artery stenting,which is more accurate than that of CRP or albumin alone.The value of CAR>0.6 suggests that the risk of ISR may be increased,and CAR>1.06 suggests that the severity of may be exacerbated.

Key words Arteriosclerosis Obliterans;Lower Extremity;Stents;Graft Occlusion,Vascular;C-Reactive Protein;Serum Albumin

中图分类号:R654.3

doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2021.06.011

http://dx.doi.org/10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2021.06.011

Chinese Journal of General Surgery,2021,30(6):707-714.

收稿日期:2020-06-29;

修订日期:2020-12-15。

作者简介:顾洪柱,锦州医科大学附属第一医院住院医师,主要从事周围血管方面的研究。

通信作者:杜亚明,Email:duyaming521@163.com

CLC number:R654.3

(本文编辑 宋涛)

本文引用格式:顾洪柱,许家瑞,李博,等.C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值对下肢动脉支架植入术后结局的预测价值[J].中国普通外科杂志,2021,30(6):707-714.doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2021.06.011

Cite this article as:Gu HZ,Xu JR,Li B,et al.Predictive value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for postoperative outcomes of lower extremity artery stenting[J].Chin J Gen Surg,2021,30(6):707-714.doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2021.06.011