经颏下口腔前庭联合腋窝入路内镜甲状腺手术6例报告
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湖北省武汉市第一医院 甲乳外科,湖北 武汉 430030

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陶龙,湖北省武汉市第一医院住院医师,主要从事甲状腺疾病方面的研究。

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Submental and axillary channel-assisted transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach: a report of 6 cases
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Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China

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    摘要:

    背景与目的 近年来,各种颈部无痕的甲状腺手术逐渐成熟,经口腔前庭入路全内镜甲状腺手术(TOETVA)由于其路径短、清扫淋巴结方便彻底、体表无痕,逐渐受到医生及患者的青睐。然而,在笔者团队前期开展的TOETVA患者中发现,部分术后有不同程度的颏部麻木感、下唇运动功能减退、水肿变形、颏部瘢痕增生变硬等不适,于是团队后期采用5 mm内镜进行经口腔甲状腺手术,并加入腋窝通道辅助手术和取出标本,即经口腔联合腋窝入路全内镜甲状腺手术(AcaTOETVA),当面对颏骨过于突出的患者,口腔观察孔隧道比较难建立时,采用颏下5 mm切口建立观察孔隧道,行经颏下口腔前庭联合腋窝入路内镜甲状腺手术(SaAcaTOETVA)。本文通过总结行该术式的有限病例,初步探讨该术式的可行性及优缺点。方法 回顾性分析6例武汉市第一医院甲乳外科2020年9月—11月完成SaAcaTOETVA患者的临床资料。结果 6例患者均顺利完成手术,其中3例行甲状腺左侧腺叶切除术+左侧中央区淋巴结清扫,1例行甲状腺右侧腺叶切除术+右侧中央区淋巴结清扫,1例行甲状腺右侧腺叶近全切除术,1例行甲状腺双侧叶近全切除术,手术时间100~155 min,术中出血量10~20 mL,术后住院时间3 d,患者无喉返神经损伤,无皮下血肿、颏神经损伤、颏部及嘴唇麻木、颏部肿胀、低钙血症、吞咽困难、CO2气体栓塞、切口感染延迟愈合等并发症发生,1例患者出现颏部小范围瘀青,为操作孔穿刺所致,于1周内恢复。术后1个月随访,患者颏下切口愈合良好,正常站立位时,切口隐藏于颏下及腋窝,相对隐蔽不易被发现,患者对颏下及腋窝切口满意,术后复查未发现肿瘤种植、复发或转移。结论 采用SaAcaTOETVA安全可行,是AcaTOETVA的特殊情况的重要补充,具有切口较隐蔽、美观的特点,但5 mm内镜的清晰度问题以及初始建腔空间较小的问题,可能会影响该术式的推广应用。

    Abstract:

    Background and Aims Various neck scarless surgeries have gradually matured in recent years. Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via vestibular approach (TOETVA) has gained popularity among doctors and patients due to its shorter path, convenient and thorough lymph node dissection, and absence of visible scars. However, in the initial TOETVA cases the authors' team performed, some patients experienced varying degrees of chin numbness, reduced lower lip mobility, swelling and deformation, and hardening of chin scars after operation. Therefore, the team adopted a 5 mm endoscope for transoral thyroid surgery, supplemented by an axillary approach for assistance and specimen retrieval. This combined method is termed the axillary channel-assisted transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (AcaTOETVA). For patients with a prominent chin bone, where establishing the oral observation channel is difficult, a 5 mm submental incision is made to create the observation channel to perform submental and axillary channel-assisted transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (SaAcaTOETVA). This paper summarizes the limited cases of this surgical method to explore its feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages preliminarily.Methods The clinical data of 6 patients who underwent SaAcaTOETVA in the Breast and Thyroid Surgery Department of Wuhan First Hospital from September to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results All 6 patients completed the surgery. Among them, 3 patients underwent left thyroid lobectomy with left central lymph node dissection, 1 patient underwent right thyroid lobectomy with right central lymph node dissection, 1 patient underwent near-total right thyroid lobectomy, and 1 patient underwent near-total bilateral thyroid lobectomy. The surgery duration ranged from 100 to 155 min, intraoperative blood loss was 10 to 20 mL, and the postoperative hospital stay was 3 d. No patients experienced recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, subcutaneous hematoma, chin nerve injury, chin and lip numbness, chin swelling, hypocalcemia, swallowing difficulties, CO2 embolism, or delayed wound healing. One patient had a small bruise on the chin due to a puncture of the operation hole, which resolved within a week. On one-month postoperative follow-up, the submental incision healed well, and when standing normally, the incisions were hidden under the chin and in the armpit, making them relatively inconspicuous. Patients were satisfied with the submental and axillary incisions, and postoperative examinations found no tumor implantation, recurrence, or metastasis.Conclusion SaAcaTOETVA is safe and feasible and is an important supplement to AcaTOETVA for specific cases. It features relatively hidden and aesthetically pleasing incisions. However, issues with the clarity of the 5 mm endoscope and the initially small working space may affect the widespread adoption of this surgical method.

    图1 SaAcaTOETVA手术 A:患者体位准备;B:建立颏下与口腔前庭腔道;C:建立颈前皮下空间;D:建立腋窝腔道;E:建腔完成后腔道入路情况;F:经腋窝腔道置入可折叠拉钩拉开带状肌;G:经腋窝腔道留置引流管Fig.1 SaAcaTOETVA procedure A: Patient position preparation; B: Establishment of submental and oral vestibular tunnels; C: Creation of subcutaneous space in the anterior neck; D: Establishment of the axillary tunnel; E: Post-creation view of the tunnel routes; F: Insertion of a foldable retractor through the axillary tunnel to retract strap muscles; G: Placement of a drainage tube through the axillary tunnel
    图2 术后切口外观 A:颏下切口;B:腋窝切口Fig.2 Postoperative incision appearance A: Submental incision; B: Axillary incision
    图3 “金手指”拉钩及其应用 A:左侧和右侧甲状腺手术对应的“金手指”拉钩;B:“金手指”拉钩顶住皮瓣稳定空间;C:右侧“金手指”拉钩顶住带状肌可以充分显露甲状腺上级;D:助手经腋窝腔道进抓钳提拉甲状腺,主刀左手使用神经监测保护神经的同时离断甲状腺;E:助手经腋窝腔道进抓钳提拉甲状腺,主刀左手夹住旁腺分离保护旁腺Fig.3 Golden finger hooks and their application A: Golden finger hooks corresponding to left and right thyroid surgeries; B: Golden finger hook stabilizing the space by holding the skin flap; C: Golden finger on the right side holding the strap muscles to fully expose the superior thyroid; D: Assistant using grasping forceps through the axillary tunnel to lift the thyroid while the primary surgeon using left hand to monitor and protect the nerve during thyroid dissection; E: Assistant using grasping forceps through the axillary tunnel to lift the thyroid while the primary surgeon useing left hand to hold and protect the parathyroid during separation
    图1 SaAcaTOETVA手术 A:患者体位准备;B:建立颏下与口腔前庭腔道;C:建立颈前皮下空间;D:建立腋窝腔道;E:建腔完成后腔道入路情况;F:经腋窝腔道置入可折叠拉钩拉开带状肌;G:经腋窝腔道留置引流管Fig.1 SaAcaTOETVA procedure A: Patient position preparation; B: Establishment of submental and oral vestibular tunnels; C: Creation of subcutaneous space in the anterior neck; D: Establishment of the axillary tunnel; E: Post-creation view of the tunnel routes; F: Insertion of a foldable retractor through the axillary tunnel to retract strap muscles; G: Placement of a drainage tube through the axillary tunnel
    图2 术后切口外观 A:颏下切口;B:腋窝切口Fig.2 Postoperative incision appearance A: Submental incision; B: Axillary incision
    图3 “金手指”拉钩及其应用 A:左侧和右侧甲状腺手术对应的“金手指”拉钩;B:“金手指”拉钩顶住皮瓣稳定空间;C:右侧“金手指”拉钩顶住带状肌可以充分显露甲状腺上级;D:助手经腋窝腔道进抓钳提拉甲状腺,主刀左手使用神经监测保护神经的同时离断甲状腺;E:助手经腋窝腔道进抓钳提拉甲状腺,主刀左手夹住旁腺分离保护旁腺Fig.3 Golden finger hooks and their application A: Golden finger hooks corresponding to left and right thyroid surgeries; B: Golden finger hook stabilizing the space by holding the skin flap; C: Golden finger on the right side holding the strap muscles to fully expose the superior thyroid; D: Assistant using grasping forceps through the axillary tunnel to lift the thyroid while the primary surgeon using left hand to monitor and protect the nerve during thyroid dissection; E: Assistant using grasping forceps through the axillary tunnel to lift the thyroid while the primary surgeon useing left hand to hold and protect the parathyroid during separation
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陶龙,阮剑.经颏下口腔前庭联合腋窝入路内镜甲状腺手术6例报告[J].中国普通外科杂志,2024,33(5):788-795.
DOI:10.7659/j. issn.1005-6947.2024.05.012

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-23
  • 最后修改日期:2024-05-07
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-06-06